Aaron Dimick: What is fibromyalgia?

Dr. Arnold: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome of chronic pain that is incompletely understood by the medical community. Patients often have widespread pain, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and mood disturbances that can adversely affect their lives. Many researchers believe that fibromyalgia has to do with abnormal processing of pain signals, which amplifies pain in affected individuals.

Aaron Dimick: What causes fibromyalgia?

Dr. Arnold: We don't know exactly. It is one of the mysteries of this condition. Women are much more likely than men to be affected. Some people develop symptoms gradually over time and some develop symptoms abruptly after a physical or emotional trauma or an illness.

Aaron Dimick: Is it true that fibromyalgia can be associated with other conditions?

Dr. Arnold: Yes, sufferers are frequently affected by other conditions as well. Migraines, irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis can often be present. A significant number of patients also have depression and anxiety.

Aaron Dimick: How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?

Dr. Arnold: By definition, the pain of fibromyalgia has been present for at least 3 months. There are also characteristic tender points, for example in the neck and back, that a medical practitioner can press and check for pain. For a strict definition of fibromyalgia by the American College of Rheumatology, at least 11 out of these documented 18 points should be tender. There are no laboratory tests to diagnose this disorder, and symptoms often overlap with other conditions, adding to the diagnostic dilemma.

Aaron Dimick: Is it as challenging to treat as it is to diagnose?

Dr. Arnold: Unfortunately, there is no generally accepted cure for fibromyalgia. Often this is a lifelong diagnosis, with pain that waxes and wanes. As with other chronic pain syndromes, treatment is often multifaceted. The focus is on reducing symptoms and improving function. Patients should find a healthcare provider they trust and can collaborate with to develop a treatment plan. Often, a prescribed treatment plan will include lifestyle adaptations, such as exercise, nutrition, and getting adequate rest. Stress-management, although easier said than done, is very helpful. Any co-existing sleep disorder or depression should be addressed as well. Counseling sessions or support groups may be helpful. There are also prescription medications that patients can try for the management of fibromyalgia pain.